Immunoassay kits are essential tools in biology and medicine, enabling precise detection and quantification of a wide range of biological substances such as proteins, hormones, antigens, and drugs in various biological samples. These kits rely on the specific reaction between a target antigen and an antibody, offering high sensitivity and specificity.
Applications of Immunoassay Kits
Immunoassay kits are widely used in research laboratories, medical diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, agro-food, and other industrial sectors. Thanks to their ease of use, speed, and reliability, they have revolutionized biological analyses, contributing to numerous scientific and medical advancements.
Types of Immunoassays
Immunoassays can be classified into different categories based on the detection method used. Among the most common techniques are:
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): A widely used assay based on enzyme-linked antibodies producing a measurable signal.
- Radioimmunoassay (RIA): An assay using radiolabeled antigens or antibodies to detect target molecules.
- Fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA): Uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies or antigens for detection.
- Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA): Employs chemiluminescent labels for highly sensitive detection.
Characteristics of Different Methods
Each method has specific characteristics in terms of sensitivity, detection limit, measurement dynamic range, and applicability to different types of samples.
