Western blotting (immunoblotting) is a core protein detection technique that combines an SDS-PAGE protocol with antibody-based immunoassay. In SDS-PAGE, proteins are denatured and separated by size through a polyacrylamide gel. The separated proteins are then transferred to a membrane (nitrocellulose or PVDF) and probed with specific antibodies. This yields a visual “blot” of bands corresponding to target proteins, enabling identification and quantification
